Cultural and Linguistic Diversity Issues in Education Essay

Teaching is a very rewarding career if you learn and understand how to work with the diversity of the classrooms we teach in. As teachers, we need to be more vigilant of where are students come from. Before we can teach we need to know who we are teaching and what background, knowledge, and customs they bring with them to the classroom. We must also be aware of the factors that are relevant to the academic achievement of the students we currently teach. There are many of these factors, but I want to focus on two; teacher quality and low teacher expectations. According to Bennett and colleagues, â€Å"There is extensive evidence suggesting that students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds experience poorer education†¦show more content†¦These are two factors I am currently trying to work on and improve as I continue with my first year of teaching. Teachers have seen that there is an increase of diversity in their classrooms. As teachers, we need to learn how to work with the different ethnicity and backgrounds we interact with every day. Many of these students are underrepresented in certain areas of education, while other students are overrepresented in certain areas as well. The two racial/ethnic groups I want to focus on are Hispanic or Latino students and Asian/Pacific Islanders. From experience, working in different districts where there has been an increase of Latino students in the classrooms as well as my own experience in my education I can see where Latino students can be overrepresented as well as underrepresented. I want to focus on what I experienced, which also reminded me as I read the chapter on cultural and linguistic diversity by Nicole Patton Terry and Miles Anthony Irving. From my experience, and experience of students I worked with, when parents fill out registration forms for school in elementary and are asked what language they speak at home. Parents who pick other languages other than English, their students are automatically placed in ESL or ELL program at their school. Some schools handle this differently. There are school who will pull the students often from the classroom, which was my case growing up. AtShow MoreRelatedFostering English Mastery within a Linguistically Diverse Cultural Landscape1425 Words   |  6 PagesLinguistic diversity has become a divisive issue in the American political landscape. As Wolfram points out, the politics of linguistics necessitates a knowledgeable response rooted in research and pedagogical practice. When addressing the needs of a linguistically diverse population, it becomes crucial to examine the ways that education is failing to help students acquire language mastery and also failing to train teachers properly in English language instruction. A prevailing research questionRead More Bilingual Ed Essays1070 Words   |  5 PagesBilingual Ed BILINGUAL EDUCATION IS BENEFICIAL TO STUDENTS ABILITIES TO ASSIMILATE IN THE MAINSTREAM CULTURE English only--sink or swim? Yeah right! Instead of English Only Advocates worrying about bilingual education cost in our school system, why not take advantage of the skills our ethnic minorities possess to move our economy forward? They are obviously not thinking clearly, because the benefit of bilinguals, significantly outweigh the bad. To deny our youth the opportunity for upwardRead MoreEssay on Cultural Diversity Today?s Teacher1573 Words   |  7 Pages Cultural Diversity amp; Today’s Teacher Education in America has evolved through out its history and has become a major necessity to excel in the work force, just imagine 100 years ago graduating high school in many areas was rare, twenty-five years ago a high school diploma was a must to find a good job and now college and mostly likely grad school is expected by many young adults in order to ensure financial security in life. So if education is evolving then the instructors which provide theRead MoreCultural Influences On The Health Care Delivery System1482 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious cultural groups (Riegelman, Kirkwood, 2015). These diversities influence patient interactions in the health care delivery system. Consequently, cultural influences have led to various disparities in healthcare. A culturally competent healthcare organization is one that recognizes the influences of culture and the subsequent disparities created. These organizations have focused efforts which tailor their delivery of care in order to meet the cultural, social, and linguistic needs ofRead MoreElls Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pagesmisunderstandings have the basis of teacher’s lack of cultural responsive instructions and awareness of teachers training programs for ELLs (Shim, 2014; Toppel, 2015; Ellis et al., 2017, Brisk, 2008). The reason I bring this sentence into the analysis is actually to illustrate my advocacy for culturally responsive instructions to help ELLs feel accommodated. According to Toppel, cultural responsive instructions are defined as â€Å"using cultural knowledge, prior experiences, frames of reference, andRead MorePart 1. Answer The Following Questions About Yourself.1495 Words   |  6 Pagesyou of being a member of your particular ethnic/cultural group). †¢ What is your ethnic/cultural/linguistic identity? †¢ What has it meant to belong to your ethnic/cultural group? †¢ What do you like about your ethnic/cultural identity? †¢ What do you dislike about your ethnic/cultural identity? †¢ What are the advantages or disadvantages of belonging to the ethnic/cultural group you identify with? Self-reflecting on my ethnic and cultural background is always interesting because I have grownRead MoreEthnolinguistics, Diversity, and Social Justice935 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The word diversity seems to mean something different to many people, but is typically meant as a variety or a mixture (differences in practices, appearances, ideals). The word diversity has been used to highlight the fact that there are significant personal, dispositional, and cultural differences between many of the individuals in this society. In many cases (but not all) the view has been that society should learn to respect these differences as opposed to try to assimilate them (NicholsonRead MoreA Concept Analysis of Diversity Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity has many definitions but only one true meaning. This concept Analysis is dedicated to exploring the broadened sense of diversity through active concepts with respect to term usage, and current literature research to support the underst anding and relevance of the term itself. Search Terms: Diversity, Ethnic Variety, and Variation Introduction: Definition The dictionary definitions for the term â€Å"Diversity† are fairly similar in nature. The American Heritage Dictionary describesRead MoreBilingualism and Multiliteracies in Australia Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will demonstrate the research that is implemented on children with bilingual ability; discussing three main issues in bilingualism which is: the maintaining children’s first language, social and cognitive benefits, also why bilingualism should be in cooperated into school programming/curriculum. Bilingualism can be defined as the ability to speak and/or write in two languages. In Australia English is the main language although in 1996, statistics show that 15% (2.5 million people) ofRead MoreAddressing Cultural Competence For Improving Healthcare Quality1605 Words   |  7 PagesAddressing Cultural Competence for Improving Healthcare Quality Improving diversity in health care setting is important in patient care. Cultural competence is approach to enhancing healthcare delivery that has been promoted broadly in recent years. By definition cultural competence in health care describes the ability of systems to provide care to patients with diverse values, beliefs and behaviors, including tailoring delivery to meet patients’ social, cultural, and linguistic needs (Betancourt

My Korean Heritage Essay Example For Students

My Korean Heritage Essay Hello! My name is Hyunji. I was born in Korea, but our family is currently living in the United States. Even though I have been here for almost my entire life, I still have been carrying on my Korean traditions. My parents have taught me Korean culture and traditions, because our original nationally is South Korean. I had attended a Korean Dual language program at Third Street Elementary for four years and my parents have made me speak Korean at home, since I was very young. I have learned many things about my language, culture, and traditions that I will pass on to the younger generation, and I hope that you will also learn about my family past and my backgrounds. My father’s family’s last name is Song. Our original hometown is Yeosan in South Korea. My great, great grandfather ran an aquaculture industry in Yongin. He was a member of the city council. My grandfather’s family moved to Suwon in 1945. He has four brothers and four sisters. When the Korean conflict started, the eldest brother joined the army, and he passed away in the battlefield. My grandfather graduated from the college of Agriculture, and ran a fertilizer industry. Later on, he got married to my grandmother and had three children, two boys and one girl. One of the boys was my dad who was the oldest. My dad’s name is Suyoung, he was born and grew up in Suwon, but he graduated from Yonsei University in Seoul, South Korea. His major is economics, but during his stay at university my dad met my mom. And they got married. Presently, my grandfather has moved to the countryside and manages an organic farm and also makes different types of tea. My mother’s family’s last name is Seo. Her family’s name is from Dalsung, South Korea. My mother’s great grandfather moved to Seoul, Korea, and her family has lived there since then. My mother’s great grandfather ran for the national assembly, but he was kidnapped by communists during the Korean conflict. Also, my mother’s family was very good at sports and art. My great, great grandfather, Sangchun Seo, was a pioneer in weight lifting, he majored physical education at the Tokyo University. After graduating, he taught physical education at Hwuimoon High School. He was the first president of the weightlifting union, and he established the gymnastic association, the Korean wrestling association, and the tennis association. He created a newspaper called the Hyundai Daily, and he wrote the books Weightlifting and How to Improve Your Strength. My great grandfather was the first person who did gymnastics in Korea and his brother was a boxing athlete. He took part in the Olympic games three times, although he couldn’t reach his goal of 1st place, he won 5th place at the Olympics. Later on, my grandfather founded a hotel, The Ambassador, with his cousin in Seoul. He retired as a vice president at the hotel, and he passed away in 1998. My grandfather on my mom’s side was born in Seoul. He studied electricity at Yonsei University, He worked as a engineer and met my grandmother, later on. They had three children two girls and one boy. The oldest girl was my mom. My mom, Seiyoung, was born in Seoul, South Korea. When my mom was very little my great aunt gave my mom’s family a opportunity to move to California, but her family didn’t move because they were so attached to Korea. Later, she majored in Business Administration at a Catholic University. Then she met my father, got married, and had three children. When I was born, my father was an analyst at the stock company in Korea. But, he wanted to study more, so our family moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan. He had to study hard and work for his family, because he was still a graduate student. I have lots of memories from Michigan, every winter it snowed, snowed, and snowed some more. I also had two ducks and a squirrel who visited my house everyday asking for cheerios. Sometimes my family talks about the times when we were living there. Later, my little brother, Eddie was born. Shakespeares character Juliet EssayThere are many silly superstitions but these superstitions usually help stop children from doing inappropriate or childish behaviors. In Korea, there are many holidays that are different from America. One holiday is called Children’s Day on May 5th. On that day the parents cook delicious food for the kids, go on a picnic, or have a party with the family. There are lots of presents from the parents. In my opinion, it’s a bummer that we don’t have this holiday in America Three days after Children’s Day there is a holiday called Parent’s Day, in Korea they don’t do Mother’s Day and Father’s Day separately. On Parent’s day the children buys or makes carnations and pin it on their parent’s shirt. The carnations represent gratitude to their parents for the whole year. Also, Korean thanksgiving is on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. It is known as Chuseok and we wear colorful silk traditional clothes known as hanbok, and eat rice cakes, traditional food, and seasonal fruits. At this time, families get together and feast. Also, the families set up a table filled with food for the ancestors that passed away long time ago as a sign of respect. Later, they eat the food. Aside from all these holidays, in Korea the traditional wedding ceremonies they hold are very different compared to the weddings they have in America. In Korea, the betrothal gift would be delivered by the groom’s closest friends. The gift is called a hahm and they group would call out hahm for sale in front of the girl’s house and would be delivered to her. Later on, they would have a engagement party with entertainment and a formal introduction of the family members. Before the wedding, the groom gives a goose to the bride’s mother. Long time ago, they used a real goose, but nowadays they use a pair of beautiful wooden carved geese. They give geese because they mate for life, so it symbolizes that the groom will take care of the bride for his life. Later, they drink wine to seal their vows. Then, during the reception the parents throw dates and chestnuts symbolizing children into the bride’s dress who tries to catch them. Usually the number of dates she catches means the number of children she will have, then the parents give a white envelope holding money to the bride. Later, they have a banquet with noodles. Noodles mean a wish for a long happy life, and this ends the wedding. These days, the Koreans don’t usually do traditional weddings, they usually do an Americanized wedding with the white wedding dress, but some people still carry on the tradition and do it. There are specific traditional roles in a Korean family. The mother usually tells the daughter what women have to do in a traditional Korean home and teaches children about the importance of education. Koreans main logic is that they need to study to succeed. Therefore, they don’t hesitate to spend time and support their children’s education. In the house, there are manners that all Koreans follow. Whenever they see a elder or someone who is older, we a expected to bow and be respectful, if this rule is not followed it is usually a shame to our family. Also, at the table, we have to wait until the eldest starts to eat, and we also have to wait until the eldest finishes the meal before the children leave the table. We can’t make noises and move around in the middle of eating. This may seem strict but it is usually a sign of respect and how well the child is disciplined in the family.

Euro Crisis 2009 free essay sample

Outline the adverse selection and moral hazard problems that existed in the Euro crisis of 2009. (approx. 2 double spaced pages; 10 marks) Due to imperfect information of borrower makes and the lender cannot be able to distinguish between good and bad borrowers, the issue of adverse selection has been arisen and become the major reason of Euro Crisis in 2009. Firstly, adverse selection causes a increase in the interest rate, those borrowers who is with a good credit record may withdraw their asset from the market and decrease the average quality of the borrower and makes the interest rate become even higher which lead to a large reduction of lending. Secondly, maturity mismatch such as financial institution finance long- term investment with short-term debt causes a huge amount of short-term liabilities and a large decline in asset prices. Thirdly, deterioration in the balance sheets causes the bank to liquidate the assets and makes the assets even less valuable. We will write a custom essay sample on Euro Crisis 2009 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, in Euro Crisis 2009, because of adverse selection, poorer countries become the major member of single currency zone such as Greece, Portugal, Spain and so on. The larger government debt of those poorer countries makes the sovereign debt crisis becomes more intense and the political balance of euro zone fiscal union is more toward to them. Therefore, richer countries in Euro-Zone have to transfer their financial resource to those poorer countries to cover the sovereign debt. With the continuous rising of sovereign debt in Euro zone, Euro Crisis becomes a global financial crisis. In Moral Hazard model, a principal- agent principal conflict occurs when the agent has more information about his or her actions than the principal does, and the principal cannot be able to monitor the agent’s actions effectively and gives the agent an opportunity to act in a manner that would adversely affect the principal’s interest. Applying this model into Euro Crisis, the principal is a euro-debt holder who lent their money to EU member states, and the agents are the government. Debt holder cannot determine whether the government has the ability to repay the promised amount of money within the maturity date, therefore, debt holder has to monitor government to make sure the government has put the best effort to ensure their repay. In conclusion, adverse selection causes higher interest rate, a large decline in assets, and an increase in sovereign debt. However, moral hazard problem slows the pace of financial recovery.

buy custom The Rise of Fascism essay

buy custom The Rise of Fascism essay The Rise of Fascism by F.L Carsten is a compact but highly detailed book that explains much about fascism. The book explores the origins and political development of fascism throughout Europe. The author mainly deals with countries that experienced severe fascism like Germany, Italy, Spain and Austria. The small and insignificant fascist movements in Holland and Norway were omitted by the author since they were short-lived and bore little bearing in the course of the worlds history. Some of these omissions show that the author was not attempting to explain everything about fascism. Carstens main aim was to explain how it was possible for the fascist to be developed and become mass movements that seized power in nations that had strong culture, highly educated and practiced traditional civilized behavior. Fascism is a radical, authoritarian political attitude and mass movement that arose between the First and the Second World War. The expression Fascism is adapted from the Latin word fasces, which refers to an ax tightly wound with sticks. The policy advocates for creation of a totalitarian single-party rule in the country. Fascists seek to flush out forces, ideas, and systems considered being the source of moral corruption and relapse. Fascism seeks to produce the nation's rebirth based on dedication to the national community based on organic unity where individuals are bound together by links of lineage, customs, and blood. Fascists think that a nation needs tough leadership, singular communal identity, and the determination and ability to commit acts of aggression and wage war in order to keep the nation strong. Fascist governments prohibit and restrain disagreement with the state. Fascism entails giving full economic, social and judicial authority to a single dominant ruler. Such a ruler exercises power characterized by terrorism, police brutality and sheer infringement of fundamental human rights. One of the major building points of fascism is the belief that ones race or ethnic group is better than all others are. Fascist nations strongly believe in violence and war. For such states, war and aggression is seen as a means of maintaining national regeneration, spirit and vitality. Conflict is viewed as a fact of life that is dependable for all human progress. Fascists laud militarism as providing constructive renovation in society, in providing spiritual restoration, education, instilling of a will to govern people's character, and promote national solidarity through military service. F.L Carsten observes, There was nothing like fascism before the First World War (9). In fact, fascism as we know it was as a result of this great upheaval (first world war), the resulting destruction and the consequent financial crisis (9). Before the First World War, prosperity and economic progress were the order of the day. Western and central Europe was a haven of peace, and order was established. The security of the governing orders, the economic and social system, and the prosperity of the middle class seemed to be protected for all eternity (9). Most countries in Europe were more concerned in partition and acquisition of colonies in other continents than in changing the local politics. Some strong feelings of nationalism were exhibited in France after the Franco-Prussian war of 1870 and 1871. France lost the war to Germany and consequently, two of its richest coal mining areas; Alsace and Lorraine were taken by the victor. This bitter loss stirred up deep feelings of nationalism and calls for revenge. In the 1880s, a movement formed by General Boulanger marched across the Rhine and attempt to free the lost provinces. This movement was crushed by the government and peace and calm returned. Anti-Semitism then found its way to France. A journal was published to fight the international influence of Jewish financiers. Like in most parts of pre-war Europe, Jews were the strongest and most powerful group economically. Jews were more prosperous than the native tribes were. This lower class versus middle-class bigotry morphed in a murderous rage and animosity. After 1919, the Jews, who made up around one percent of the population, controlled almost half of the economy. More than half of the private banks were Jewish owned. Eighty percent of the countrys press was run by Semites and the stock exchange was dominated by Jewish stockbrokers. Feelings of anti-Semitism brewed deep within the locals blood. Jewish immigrants, such as the Rothschilds had amassed vast fortunes in France: their wealth caused all the evils from which France was suffering (11). Carsten traces the beginning of fascism in France to the formation of Comite dAction Francaise, a movement that sharply attacked parliamentarism and individualism. It elicited strong anti-Semitic emotions and maintained that France must be made as strong as it had once been. Long before 1914, the Action Francaise showed many of the characteristics which later distinguished Fascist movements. Its hatred of liberalism, democracy and the parliamentary system; its glorification of power and violence, which it did not hesitate to use against its enemies, its advocacy of strong leadership, its marked anti-Semitism and anti-freemasonism were features which we shall find time and again among the Fascist groups of the post-war period. The historical origins of the Italian republic are traced in The Rise of Fascism. Carsten reports that after its unification, Italy still remained a desperately poor country. However, there were high spirits and anticipation of better things among the Italians. After Cavours death in 1861, the Italian governments proved weak and inefficient (17). Italy lacked any significant mineral deposits, was mountainous and agriculturally unfit. The Industrial revolution was lagging due to lack of capital investment in the country. The citizens were very illiterate and hugely uninterested in politics. There were few voters and the government was based on poor practices. Still, somewhere in the middle of all this crap, there existed a few individuals who had dreams of great-power politics. Francesco Crispi was among one of the founding Fascists. As Prime minister, he waged war against Ethiopia but lost bitterly. Later, one of his ardent followers, Enrico Corradini, founded a nationalistic journal that ani-socialist, anti-democratic and anti-parliamentarian. The journal denounced the noble society as unheroic, cowardly and pacifist. Corradini lauded and spoke in volumes about the moral values of war and imperialist growth. The spirit of war and aggression would conjure new spirits and lead to rebirth of the nation. In an attempt to achieve such goals, Italy waged war against Libya. Benito Mussolini gained popularity due to his vocal and aggressive opposition of parliamentary procedures and socialist ideologies. Mussolini advocated for the use of force in the class struggle against powerful landowners and the church. The deep love for violence made Mussolini visible among his fellow socialists. Mussolinis glorification of war and strong emphasis on acquisition of colonies made him extremely popular in Italy. Mussolini set up the 'fascio di combattimento' (fascist movement) in 1919. The movement consisted mainly of ex soldiers who were disgruntled with the liberal regime and the result of the First World War. Mussolini began to make assurances that he would reinstate Italy to its past glory. He ran his own tabloid ' Il popolo d'Italia' that was the perfect tool with which to encourage his fascist principles and spread propaganda. The 'fascio di combattimento' movement also used brutality in their quest to convert the nation into the idea of Fascism rather than Socialism. The feeble Liberal government and the fast ascent of Socialism terrified many citizens, thus allowing the budding support for the Fascist movement. From the beginning of the 1920s Mussolini's reputation really began to grow. Furthermore, he was supported by the Roman Catholic Church, and the Italian police. As 1921drew to an end, the Fascists had increased to over 200,000 members. Liberal leaders attempted to make pacts with Mussolini to bring him into government. He refused saying that unless he was appointed as Prime minister of Italy, he would not think about the deal. Mussolini later declared that unless he was made Italys Prime minister, he would compulsorily grab authority. Since the 'fascio di combattimento' had gained such enormous recognition, Mussolini knew they would be able to grab authority. In 1922, they strategized on how to take over the local governments and the ultimate protest on Rome. However, the march was unnecessary as the King asked Mussolini to form a government, partly to prevent the threat of Civil war. Fascism sprouted in Italy as a result of peoples disgruntlement with the product of the First World War. Carsten clarifies that, unlike other countries in Europe, there was little anti-Semitism in Italy. Antisemitism developed in Italy from Germany during and after the Second World War. This weird observation is due to the fact that the Jews in Italy were less wealthy or intellectual than their counterparts in other Nordic countries. (22) In the Rise of Fascism, Carsten analytically compares Germany to her neighbors. Germany had vast coal and mineral deposits and was a country of great military strength. The Industrial revolution took place in Germany at a higher rate than in any other European nation. There was rapid economic progress, especially in the heavy industry, railway industry and in banking (22). Town populations skyrocketed, and industry workers began to unionize in order to fight for better working conditions. Anti-Semitism was discovered as an appealing weapon by radical German politicians like Adolf Stoecker. Emancipation of the German Jews had taken place in the early nineteenth century. The Jews were very active in trading and in the financial sectors of the economy. They had deep roots in the countrys political leadership and in elite professions such as medicine, law and journalism. Stoecker proclaimed that the Jews, through their irreligious power and massive wealth, were trying to convert Berlin to a Jewish town and form an aristocracy. Such statements made the lower class natives feel threatened by the immigrants. Stoecker gained massive popularity after demanding administrative measures from the government to limit the advance of Jews into the fields of education and law. He even requested social protection of the middle class and workers. Violent anti-Semitic demonstrations broke out in regions like Berlin and Dresden. The events that occurred during and after the First World War had a direct bearing on the development of Fascism. Carsten uses the example of Italy to show the origin and development of fascism. This is because Italy had the most clear and comprehensive model of Fascism led by Benito Mussolini. At the beginning of the First World War, Italy chose to remain neutral. The local politics were divided as to whether to support the allies or the entente. Italy continued to delay until they saw it favorable to back the western powers against Germany and Austria. Nationalistic insurgence and agitation grew in the country as many nationalists demanded that Italy should join the war on the side of the allies. This would enable Italy to win back its lost province of Alto Andige. From the beginning of 1922, Fascist rebels transformed their plan from one of attacking socialist agencies and residences of socialist leadership figures to one of aggressively occupying towns. The Fascists encountered diminutive serious struggle from authorities and went ahead to take over numerous cities, including Ferrara, Bologna, Trent, Bolzano, Fiume, and Cremona. Carsten attributes this success due to the fact that, The fascists were supported by the big landowners and industrialists who feared the seizure of their estates and factories. They also received aid from the army_ a factor which came to be of vital importance in bringing about their victory (55). The Fascists seized the command center of communist and Roman Catholic unions in Cremona and forced the German-speaking population of Bolzano and Trent to be taught and converted into Italians. This process was referred to as Italianization. After seizing these cities, the Fascists made plans to take Rome. Come October 24th 1922, the Fascists held their yearly assembly in Naples. Mussolini instructed Blackshirts to be in charge of public houses and trains and to congregate on three specific areas around Rome. A protest would be led by four well-known Fascist leaders representing its different factions: General Emilio De Bono, Italo Balbo, a Blackshirt leader; Cesare Maria De Vecchi, a monarchist Fascist and Michele Bianchi, an ex-syndicalist. Mussolini remainedd in Milan to wait for the results of the proceedings. The Fascists were able to seize power over numerous post offices and trains in northern Italy while the Italian government, led by a left-wing alliance, was internally estranged and not able to react to the Fascist confrontation. The Italian government had been in a constant state of chaos, with multiple governments being formed and then being overpowered. The Italian government initially tried to thwart the Fascists from going inside Rome. However, King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy realized that the peril of violence in Rome in an attempt to disband the Fascists was extremely high. Victor Emmanuel III decided to appoint Mussolini as Prime Minister of Italy. He went to Rome on 30th October to acknowledge the appointment. Fascist propaganda aggrandized this incident, known as "March on Rome", as seizure of authority because of the Fascists valiant missions. Carsten goes as far as to give the historical account of German anti-Semitism in the era of Adolf Hitler and the implications throughout Europe. The most significant factor that elevated the dislike of Semites by Hitler is the belief that they cost Germany victory against its enemies in world war one. "The core of his hatred lies at the defeat of Germany in WWI Hitler blamed the Jews for defeat of the country, the collapse of the monarchy and the ruination of millions" (Riecker 47). On an interview with The Daily Telegraph, Riecker reported that Hitler saw the state 'poisoned' from within. Hitler lived in Munich, where Jews played a leading role in the revolution against the monarchy on Nov. 9, 1918. So suddenly the delusion came to his mind, that the Jews where the reason for the 'inner poisoning' of Germany and that they had stolen the victory from Germany. Hitler accused the Jews for the Russian revolution and said that they were out to promote Marxist theories in Europe. He maintained that Jews were in an elaborate plan to take over the world together with the Marxists. Hitlers derogatory and incisive remarks were the foundation for discrimination and prosecution of nearly six million Jews worldwide. The growing tension and animosity sparked the Second World War. After his ascent to power in 1930s Hitler, turned on Jews and started a nationwide discriminatory campaign against Semites. Hitler aimed at making life for the Jews so unpleasant that they would be forced to emigrate. Jewish shops were boycotted, and Jews were banned from using social amenities such as public parks and swimming pools. On Crystal night, over eight thousand Jewish businesses were torched down, four hundred synagogues destroyed and over twenty thousand Jews placed in concentration camps. This and other subsequent events were the climax of Hitlers animosity against the Jews. More than six million people were killed during this period, in and around countries that surround German y. This came to be known as the Holocaust. The Rise of Fascism is a clear, articulate and comprehensive book. All the relevant facts about the origin and development of the fascist movements are well discussed. There is a smooth and clear flow of events in a chronological manner that further holds the attention of the reader. This is possibly because the book was written with the needs of students and budding historians in mind. The book is an in-depth guide through the fascist struggle. It allows the reader to understand why fascism became such a popular movement and political ideology in Europe after the First World War. The factors that contributed to its popularization are explained in all possible angles. Carsten goes on to show the formation of fascist governments all over Europe and its effects. The governments built on foundations of aggression are analyzed using various yardsticks such as development, law and order, social welfare and national unity. Carstens expertise and knowledge of facts are matched by very few historians. This could be attributed to his background and the extensive years of research, he has undertaken on the subject of fascism. Carsten was born in 1911 and had a first-hand experience of most events, which he talks about in the book. Carsten was a Jew born in the affluent and influential Borns family. They were part of Berlins Jewish aristocracy. Professor Carsten was a distinguished lawyer and economist, but he devoted most of his time to politics in Berlin within the communist fold. Carsten considered himself a Nazi refugee mainly as a result of his work and not his Jewish origin. Vast amounts of information mentioned in the book, especially in Germany, are his personal observations and recollections. He talks about the inter-student political discussion at the time, meetings where Otto Strasser, Adolf Hitler and other nationalists spoke and the general political atmosphere at the time. The writer was cautious not to bring his personal judgment and opinions in the book. The personal recollections are meant to color the readers imagination and present the political atmosphere during the period. The writer achieves these goals and succeeds in maintaining the objectivity and reliability of the book as a historical record. The Rise of Fascism by Professor F.L Carsten was excitedly received by the academic and literary world. The book has been lauded for producing in-depth and objective insights into the origin and development of Fascism. The reviews and critiques by most newspapers and other scholars were all positive as can be attested by the blurb. The review by The Historian says that, Professor Carsten surveys the major and minor European fascist groups which flourished during the world wars including such movements as were active in Romania, Austria, Hungary, Finland, Britain and Belgium. In doing so, he has produces a useful, brief, addition to the growing number of studies on this subject. Foreign Affairs talks about The Rise of Fascism as a short, responsible survey of how Fascism came to power in Italy and Germany, with some valuable comparative data on fascist movements in other European countries. The American Historical Review simply calls it the best scholarly description of European fasci sm available. These favorable reviews shoe that Rise to Fascism is an authority in the field of European fascism and a must-have student companion for any student of History. Buy custom The Rise of Fascism essay

History of Theatrical Costuming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of Theatrical Costuming - Essay Example The purpose of this research is to look at the journey of development that theatrical costuming has gone through so that more insight for the present and future efforts and understanding can be obtained. When we look into the history of medieval theater to understand that what kind of costumes were used that time, we come to know one very obvious piece of information discussed in almost all the documents about costuming history in medieval times. This information is that that time cross-dressing was as common a practice in theatrical performances both in English and French theaters. Cross-dressing means male characters wore costumes of both male and female gender and thus performed both the roles in the theater. Basic reason for this cross-dressing was that female performers were not yet allowed to enter the theatrical world. Furthermore, there are a great many more reasons for this tradition. For example, medieval era was an age in which cultural and ideological thinking was being reshaped for a more refined future culture. That time categories of race and class were less determined. (Clark, & Sponsler, 1995) The striking accounts given in medieval plays like Robin Hood and Marian is that cross-dressing was used for a number of purposes and that it was a very effective device which served as a progressive milestone in medieval plays. For example, Robin Hood disguises a number of times in different dresses, including yeoman, monk, etc. to achieve his goals. A male character can disguise in a female's dress to delay an incident of shame etc. The emphasis in medieval time (both English and French plays) was that the issue of "transgressiveness" was of high importance. Additionally, famous characters' clothing was very popular among spectators as, for instance, band of Robin Hood was sold outside theaters in which Robin Hood plays were performed. People liked to put a feather in their hats like Robin Hood. However, it is not very clearly given as what made it so easy that disguising worked for the characters in a play. Was it a simple society, a people looking over formal differences opposed to reality, and so on These are the issues that surely need extensive research with relation to costuming history in medieval time so that clear cut opinions can be stated. (Clark, & Sponsler, 1995) Italian Renaissance In the time of Italian Renaissance costumes were of the Gothic tradition which had roots in northern Europe until the arrival of the time of mid 15th century. Here costumes became to look more natural. There was robe, with bodice and skirt. Doublets of men became shorter and their hose were attentively donned. By this time women's hair was finely trimmed as they wore thin veils with colorful ribbons and, of course, glittering jewelry. The popular fabric in fashion in Italian Renaissance period was velvet and brocade simply because these fabrics were more colorful and eye-catching. From 1480 to 1510 Italian costuming was dominated chiefly by European fashion. Both the garments of men and skirts of women became shorter. By this time the use of a long grown was abandoned by the people. (Marszalek, & Panagakis, 2004) However, from the period of 1510 to 1550 Germanic influence (which was almost everywhere in Europe) was felt of Italian Renais

Federal Funding of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Paper

Federal Funding of Human Embryonic Stem Cell - Research Paper Example During the reign of President Bush, federal funding of human embryonic stem cell research stood banned since the administration opposed the practice. Even though the federal government does not fund research that involves the creation of embryos for purposes of research, President Obama’s administration lifted the ban. The federal government funds researchers that make use of embryos created in vitro fertilization but have stayed unused. However, the move by the federal government to provide funding for human embryonic stem cell research encourages other unethical practices such as abortion. Since these scientists remain prohibited from creating embryos for the research, they would turn to other alternatives to obtaining embryos. The justification used for the research would be that embryos couldn’t be considered human. This justification is likely to be used by unethical practitioners to support their misdemeanors, for instance, those conducting the abortion. Causes of the problem James Thomson initiated the human embryonic stem cell research in 1998. Several reasons became presented for the initiation of this research on the basis that stem cells have the potential to save lives. One such cause for embryonic stem cell research would be the development of rubella and polio as a resource for developing national policy and for local institutional review boards. This became founded on the premise that the research would develop considerable biomedical knowledge not obtainable by other methods. This problem intensified due to the impact of laws on the situation stem cell research developed. The Congress under President Reagan’s reelection in 1993 nullified the requirement for approval by the Ethics Advisory Board (EAB) on embryonic stem cell research. In addition, the Congress lifted a moratorium on federal funding of embryo research, which later became banned by the 1996 Congress (Holland et al. 27-29).

The Connotation Of Marketing Marketing Essay

The Connotation Of Marketing Marketing Essay Introduction Nowadays, marketing activities influence people in both the roles as suppliers of products and services and as customers. Marketing plays a great part for companies in knowing their clients, the products and services to offer, the advertising means and so forth. As for individuals, marketing is important for them to choose a particular brand of fashionable dresses and even toothpaste. But marketing is much more than selling or advertising activities. In this essay, the concept of marketing will be introduced in the beginning, and then the essay places an emphasis on the full range of connotation for marketing including marketing strategies, the consumer behavior, environmental analysis, and marketing ethics. Finally, it is concluded that marketing is a comprehensive process that involves all of the activities of managing and satisfying demand through the exchange process. Marketing is a Comprehensive Process As to the definition of marketing, most people, even some entrepreneurs, would hold that marketing mean selling or advertising, however, marketing is an activity more complex than selling or advertising. A proper definition of marketing should not only consider economy, but also includes institutions, people, and new ideas. Marketing is a process of offering products and services, pricing, promotion and distribution to meet the individual and organizational demand through exchanges (AMA, 1985). A company achieves its goals by satisfying both the domestic and foreign customers, and marketing is concerned with the activities to enlarge the market share of the company by matching the demand. This definition indicates that marketing includes not only the enterprises and individuals, but also the activities of non-profitable institutions or the marketing of a great idea or a service as well as a product. All in all, marketing involves products, services, organizations, people and ideas. Marketing Strategies According to McCarthy (1960), marketing strategies include products, pricing, promotion and place. Products or services are the basic content in the marketing process, which can be classified as goods or services and as customer or industrial. Classification is significant because it concentrates on the disparities in the characteristics of products and the different marketing implications. A reasonable pricing also counts in the process of marketing which should be profitable to the company and beneficial to the consumers. In the process of marketing, promotion is necessary to make the products, services or ideas known to the consumers. Means of promotion includes personal selling, advertising and public relations, price discounts and so forth. Distribution planning exerts a significant impact on the marketing program used by a firm, because middlemen can play a wide variety of marketing roles, the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s marketing plan will be different if it sells its products dir ect rather than through intermediaries. Environmental Analysis Environmental influences consist of sociocultural and technological, economic and competitive as well as political and legal influences (Kotler, 2006). Individuals are easily influenced both by the trends of the whole society and by a need to comply with the rules of the different social groups to which they belong, and to improve their status in those groups. With the development of technology, consumers can receive more individually-oriented offerings, and thus their expectations are raised about the quality of the product and service. The flourish of products and services lead to brand changing or offer the consumers with the information to make more meticulous decisions. And regulation and legislation, whether they relate to the product introductions, customer rights or advertising means, also decrease the risk of decision-making. This reduces some pressure of the customer, leading to discerning and easier decisions and less risk of post-purchase disturbance. Marketing Ethics Marketing ethics are the marketerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s standards of behavior and moral values, as Homburg (2001) maintains. They are related to the decision to do what is morally right or what is morally wrong. Traditionally, the concept of business responsibility has cared about the relationship between the enterprise and consumers, the work staff, and the stockholders. The enterprise is responsible for providing the customers with high-quality product at a rational price, decent salaries and a comfortable working environment for the staff and an adequate profit level for stockholders. Contemporary marketing decisions must regularly consider the external social environment. Decisions must also account for eventual, long-run effects. Socially responsible decisions must consider future generations as well as existing society. Conclusion In conclusion, in the process of marketing, selling or advertising is essential if a company want to attain its objectives, but more emphasis must be placed on the marketing strategies, and it is also of great importance to take environmental influences into consideration, which can exert impact on consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision-making. With people concern more about the ecology and healthy ways of consumption, marketers must care about environmentally-friendly marketing despite the high-quality products and services.